Partially Initialize PA08

++ Files for PA08
++ Makefile for PA08
This commit is contained in:
Charles Descamps 2023-10-26 10:16:25 -07:00
parent a3ec33a917
commit 37f0a97939
14 changed files with 4368 additions and 0 deletions

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Red Black Tree Test Program
===========================
Inserting M and resolving
- Root color set to black
Inserting G and resolving
B
R B
B B
--------
M
G -
- -
========
Inserting R and resolving
B
R R
B B B B
--------
M
G R
- - - -
========
Inserting B and resolving
- Parent is red
- Uncle is red
- Grandparent set to red
- Uncle set to black
- Parent set to black
- Resolving Grandparent
- Root color set to black
B
B B
R B B B
B B
----------------
M
G R
B - - -
- -
================
B
B B
R B B B
B B
----------------
M
G R
B - - -
- -
================
Inserting J and resolving
B
B B
R R B B
B B B B
----------------
M
G R
B J - -
- - - -
================
Inserting P and resolving
B
B B
R R R B
B B B B B B
----------------
M
G R
B J P -
- - - - - -
================
Inserting U and resolving
B
B B
R R R R
B B B B B B B B
----------------
M
G R
B J P U
- - - - - - - -
================
Inserting A and resolving
- Parent is red
- Uncle is red
- Grandparent set to red
- Uncle set to black
- Parent set to black
- Resolving Grandparent
B
R B
B B R R
R B B B B B B B
B B
--------------------------------
M
G R
B J P U
A - - - - - - -
- -
================================
B
R B
B B R R
R B B B B B B B
B B
--------------------------------
M
G R
B J P U
A - - - - - - -
- -
================================
Inserting C and resolving
B
R B
B B R R
R R B B B B B B
B B B B
--------------------------------
M
G R
B J P U
A C - - - - - -
- - - -
================================
Inserting H and resolving
B
R B
B B R R
R R R B B B B B
B B B B B B
--------------------------------
M
G R
B J P U
A C H - - - - -
- - - - - -
================================
Inserting L and resolving
B
R B
B B R R
R R R R B B B B
B B B B B B B B
--------------------------------
M
G R
B J P U
A C H L - - - -
- - - - - - - -
================================
Inserting N and resolving
- Parent is red
- Uncle is red
- Grandparent set to red
- Uncle set to black
- Parent set to black
- Resolving Grandparent
B
R R
B B B B
R R R R R B B B
B B B B B B B B B B
--------------------------------
M
G R
B J P U
A C H L N - - -
- - - - - - - - - -
================================
B
R R
B B B B
R R R R R B B B
B B B B B B B B B B
--------------------------------
M
G R
B J P U
A C H L N - - -
- - - - - - - - - -
================================
Inserting Q and resolving
B
R R
B B B B
R R R R R R B B
B B B B B B B B B B B B
--------------------------------
M
G R
B J P U
A C H L N Q - -
- - - - - - - - - - - -
================================
Inserting S and resolving
B
R R
B B B B
R R R R R R R B
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
--------------------------------
M
G R
B J P U
A C H L N Q S -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
================================
Inserting X and resolving
B
R R
B B B B
R R R R R R R R
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
--------------------------------
M
G R
B J P U
A C H L N Q S X
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
================================
Inorder : A/R; B/B; C/R; G/R; H/R; J/B; L/R; M/B; N/R; P/B; Q/R; R/R; S/R; U/B; X/R
Postorder: A/R; C/R; B/B; H/R; L/R; J/B; G/R; N/R; Q/R; P/B; S/R; X/R; U/B; R/R; M/B
Preorder : M/B; G/R; B/B; A/R; C/R; J/B; H/R; L/R; R/R; P/B; N/R; Q/R; U/B; S/R; X/R
Copying Tree
M
G R
B J P U
A C H L N Q S X
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
End Program

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// Header files included
#include "Console_IO_Utility.h"
// Function Implementations
/*
Name: clearLeadingCharacters
Process: Clears all leading non-printable characters from the console stream
Function input/parameters: allow space return (Boolean)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: first printable character as integer
Device input/keyboard: none
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: getchar
*/
int clearLeadingCharacters( bool allowSpaceReturn )
{
// initialize data, set input character to getChar, set count to zero
// function: getchar
int intChar = getchar();
int charCount = 0;
// loop while non-printable characters and space if not set
// also limits looping to constant limit
while( ( intChar < (int)SPACE
|| ( !allowSpaceReturn && intChar == SPACE ) )
&& charCount < MAX_STR_LEN )
{
// update character count
charCount++;
// get new input character
// function: getchar
intChar = getchar();
}
// return captured character
return intChar;
}
/*
Name: getChar
Process: returns next character in stream,
ignores all white space (including SPACE) prior to character
Function input/parameters: flag to accept space (Boolean)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: one character (char) is returned to calling method
Device input/keyboard: places one or more characters in stream
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: getCharFiltered
*/
char getChar()
{
// initialize variables, set space accept flag to false
bool dontAcceptSpace = false;
// call filtered function with space accept flag
// function: getCharFiltered
return getCharFiltered( dontAcceptSpace );
}
/*
Name: getCharFiltered
Process: returns next character in stream,
ignores non printable characters prior to input character
but may accept space depending on flag
Function input/parameters: flag to accept space (boolean)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: first printable character or space (if configured)
returned (char)
Device input/keyboard: places one or more characters in stream
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: getchar(), clearLeadingCharacters
*/
char getCharFiltered( bool acceptSpace )
{
//Initialize variables
int inCharInt;
// clear leading characters, capture first usable character
// function: clearLeadingCharacters
inCharInt = clearLeadingCharacters( acceptSpace );
// check for input character set to end of file
if( inCharInt == EOF )
{
// return character zero
return '0';
}
// return input character as character
return (char)inCharInt;
}
/*
Name: getInputString
Process: acquires input string from keyboard, if clear white space flag set,
ignores all white space, including space character
Function input/parameters: clear white space control (Boolean)
Function output/parameters: character array (char[])
Function output/returned: none
Device input/keyboard: user entry of a character stream
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: getchar(), clearLeadingCharacters
*/
void getInputString( char inputArr[], bool clearWhiteSpace )
{
//Initialize Variables, set character count and index to zero
int charCount = 0;
int index = 0;
int intChar;
// check for clear white space flag
if( clearWhiteSpace )
{
// clear leading characters, set flag to ignore space
// function: clearLeadingCharacters
intChar = clearLeadingCharacters( !clearWhiteSpace );
}
// otherwise, assume white space flag not set
else
{
// get first character
// function: getchar
intChar = getChar();
}
// loop until enter key found, limit loop to constant
while( intChar != (int)NEWLINE_CHAR && charCount < MAX_STR_LEN )
{
// set current value to array element
inputArr[ index ] = (char)intChar;
// increment string array index
index++;
// add null character to end of string array
inputArr[ index ] = NULL_CHAR;
// increment character count
charCount++;
// get next character
// function: getchar
intChar = getchar();
}
}
/*
Name: printCharacter
Process: prints a single character
Function input/parameters: character to be printed (char)
Function output/parameters: None
Function output/returned: None
Device input/keyboard: None
Device output/monitor: character printed as specified
Dependencies: printCharacters
*/
void printCharacter( char outputChar )
{
// initialize number of characters to one
int numberOfChars = 1;
// print one character
// function: printChars
printCharacters( numberOfChars, outputChar );
}
/*
Name: printCharacters
Process: prints given number of characters
Function input/parameters: number of characters (int),
character to be printed (char)
Function output/parameters: None
Function output/returned: None
Device input/keyboard: None
Device output/monitor: Number of specified characters printed
Dependencies: printf
*/
void printCharacters( int numChars, char outputChar )
{
// check for reminaing characters to print
if( numChars > 0 )
{
// print one character
// function: printf
printf( "%c", outputChar );
// (recursive) print remaining characters
// function: printChars
printCharacters( numChars - 1, outputChar );
}
}
/*
Name: printDouble
Process: simple print double function
Function input/parameters:
outVal - the double value to be output (double)
precision - the number of digits to the right of the decimal point (int)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: none
Device input: none
Device output/monitor: one double value displayed
Dependencies: printDoubleJustified
*/
void printDouble( double outVal, int precision )
{
// initialize variables, set block size to zero and justified to "LEFT"
int blockSize = 0;
char justified[] = "LEFT";
// call justified function with specified parameters
// function: printDoubleJustified
printDoubleJustified( outVal, precision, blockSize, justified );
}
/*
Name: printDoubleJustified
Process: the precision is set for the double value, then the pre-spaces
and post-spaces are calculated for the requested justification,
and then the pre-spaces are printed, the double value is printed,
and then the post-spaces are printed
Function input/parameters:
outVal - the double value to be output (double)
blockSize - the width of the block within which
to print the integer value (int)
justify - "LEFT," "RIGHT," or "CENTER" justification in block (c-string)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: none
Device input: none
Device output/monitor: one double value displayed, justified, with precision
Dependencies: formatDouble, printStringJustified
*/
void printDoubleJustified( double outVal, int precision,
int blockSize, const char* justify )
{
// initialize variables, create temp string for configuration string
char specStr[ MIN_STR_LEN ];
// initialize variables, create temporary output string
char outStr[ MIN_STR_LEN ];
// set configuration string with precision value
// function: sprintf
sprintf( specStr, "%s0.%dlf", "%", precision );
// set output string
// function: sprintf
sprintf( outStr, specStr, outVal );
// print string justified
// function: printStringJustified
printStringJustified( outStr, blockSize, justify );
}
/*
Name: printEndline
Process: prints single endline character to end a line or create vertical space
Function input/parameters: none
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: none
Device input: none
Device output/monitor: one endline character output
Dependencies: printf
*/
void printEndline()
{
// print one newline character
// function: printf
printf( "\n" );
}
/*
Name: printEndlines
Process: prints the specified number of endline characters
to end a line and/or create vertical space(s)
Function input/parameters: number of endlines (int)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: none
Device input: none
Device output/monitor: endline characters output as specified
Dependencies: printEndline
*/
void printEndlines( int numEndlines )
{
// check for number of end lines remaining
if( numEndlines > 0 )
{
// print one endling
// function: printEndline
printEndline();
// (recursive) print remaining end lines
printEndlines( numEndlines - 1 );
}
}
/*
Name: printInteger
Process: prints integer value
Function input/parameters: outVal - the integer value to be output
Output: None
Device Input: None
Device Output: Integer is displayed as specified
Dependencies: printIntegerJustified
*/
void printInteger( int outVal )
{
// initialize variables, set block size to zero, justifification to "LEFT"
int blockSize = 0;
char justified[] = "LEFT";
// print justified integer with specified parameters
// function: printIntegerJustified
printIntegerJustified( outVal, blockSize, justified );
}
/*
Name: printIntegerJustified
Process: prints integer value with the specified justification
within the specified blockSize
Function input/parameters:
outVal - the integer value to be output
blockSize - the width of the block within which
to print the integer value (int)
justify - "LEFT," "RIGHT," or "CENTER" justification in block (c-string)
Output: None
Device Input: None
Device Output: Integer is displayed as specified
Dependencies: sprintf, printStringJustified
*/
void printIntegerJustified( int outVal, int blockSize, const char *justify )
{
// initialize variables, create temporary output string
char outStr[ MIN_STR_LEN ];
// convert integer to string
// function: sprintf
sprintf( outStr, "%d", outVal );
// print justified string
// function: printStringJustified
printStringJustified( outStr, blockSize, justify );
}
/*
Name: printLongInteger
Process: prints long integer
Function input/Parameters: outVal - the long integer value to be output
Function output/parameters: None
Function output/returned: None
Device Input/keyboard: None
Device Output/Monitor: integer is displayed as specified
Dependencies: printLongIntJustified
*/
void printLongInteger( long outVal )
{
// initialize variables, set block size to zero, justification to "LEFT"
int blockSize = 0;
char justified[] = "LEFT";
// print justified long integer with specified parameters
// function: printLongIntegerJustified
printLongIntegerJustified( outVal, blockSize, justified );
}
/*
Name: printLongIntegerJustified
Process: prints long integer with the specified justification
within the specified blockSize
Function input/Parameters:
outVal - the long integer value to be output
blockSize - the width of the block within which
to print the integer value (int)
justify - "LEFT," "RIGHT," or "CENTER" justification in block (c-string)
Function output/parameters: None
Function output/returned: None
Device Input/keyboard: None
Device Output/Monitor: integer is displayed as specified
Dependencies: sprintf, printStringJustified
*/
void printLongIntegerJustified( long outVal,
int blockSize, const char *justify )
{
// initialize variables, create temporary output string
char outStr[ MIN_STR_LEN ];
// convert long integer to string
// function: sprintf
sprintf( outStr, "%ld", outVal );
// print justified string
// function: printStringJustified
printStringJustified( outStr, blockSize, justify );
}
/*
Name: printString
Process: prints string
Function input/parameters: outVal - the string value to be output
Function output/parameters: None
Function output/returned: None
Function input/keyboard: None
Device output/monitor: string is displayed as specified
Dependencies: printStringJustified
*/
void printString( const char *outStr )
{
// initialize variables, set block size to zero, justification to "LEFT"
int blockSize = 0;
char justified[] = "LEFT";
// print justified string with specified parameters
// function: printStringJustified
printStringJustified( outStr, blockSize, justified );
}
/*
Name: printStringJustified
Process: prints string within specified block size
and with specified justification
Function input/parameters:
outVal - the string value to be output
blockSize - the width of the block within which
to print the integer value (int)
justify - "LEFT," "RIGHT," or "CENTER" justification in block (c-string)
Function output/parameters: None
Function output/returned: None
Function input/keyboard: None
Device output/monitor: string is displayed as specified
Dependencies: strlen, strcmp, printCharacters, printf
*/
void printStringJustified ( const char *outStr,
int blockSize, const char *justify )
{
// initialize variables, set pre-, post- spaces to zero
int preSpaces = 0, postSpaces = 0, strLength;
// find length of string
// function: strlen
strLength = strlen( outStr );
// check justification for "LEFT"
// function: strcmp
if( strcmp( justify, "LEFT" ) == 0 )
{
// set post spaces for left justification
postSpaces = blockSize - strLength;
}
// otherwise, check justification for "RIGHT"
// function: strcmp
else if( strcmp( justify, "RIGHT" ) == 0 )
{
// set pre spaces for right justification
preSpaces = blockSize - strLength;
}
// Otherwise, assume "CENTER" justification
else
{
// set pre spaces for centered
preSpaces = blockSize / 2 - strLength / 2;
// set post spaces for centered
postSpaces = blockSize - strLength - preSpaces;
}
// print pre spaces
// function: printChars
printCharacters( preSpaces, SPACE );
// print string
// function: printf
printf( "%s", outStr );
// print post spaces
// function: printChars
printCharacters( postSpaces, SPACE );
}
/*
Name: promptForCharacter
Process: prompts user for character, then returns it
Function input/parameters: text to prompt user (c-string)
Function output/parameters: None
Function output/returned: one character (chars
Device input/keyboard: user entry of a character
Device output/monitor: prompt string displayed
Dependencies: printf, getChar
*/
char promptForCharacter( const char *promptString )
{
// initialize variables
char outChar;
// print prompt string
// function: printf
printf( "%s", promptString );
// get character from stream
// function: getChar
outChar = (char)getChar();
// return captured character
return outChar;
}
/*
Name: promptForDouble
Process: prompts user for double, then returns it
Function input/parameters: test to prompt user (c-string)
Function output/parameters: None
Function output/returned: value (double)
Device input/keyboard: user entry of an integer value
Device output/monitor: prompt string displayed
Dependencies: printf, scanf
*/
double promptForDouble( const char *promptString )
{
// initialize variables
double outDouble;
// print prompt string
// function: printf
printf( "%s", promptString );
// get double value
// function: scanf
scanf( "%lf", &outDouble );
// return captured double
return outDouble;
}
/*
Name: promptForInteger
Process: prompts user for integer, then returns it
Function input/parameters: text to prompt user (c-string)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: integer value (int)
Device input/keyboard: user entry of a double value
Device output/monitor: prompt string displayed
Dependencies: printf, scanf
*/
int promptForInteger( const char *promptString )
{
// initialize variables
int outInt;
// print prompt string
// function: printf
printf( "%s", promptString );
// input integer
// function: scanf
scanf( "%d", &outInt );
// return captured integer
return outInt;
}
/*
Name: promptForString
Process: prompts user for string, then returns it
Function input/parameters: text to prompt user (c-string)
Function output/parameters: input string from user(c-string)
Function output/returned: none
Device input/keyboard: user entry of a string value
Device output/monitor: prompt string displayed
Dependencies: printf, getInputString
*/
void promptForString( const char *promptString, char returnStr[] )
{
// initialize variables, don't allow white space capture
bool dontClearWhitespace = false;
// pring prompt string
// function: printf
printf( "%s", promptString );
// get input string from user (returned via parameter)
// function: getInputString
getInputString( returnStr, dontClearWhitespace );
}

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// Preprocessor directive
#ifndef CONSOLE_IO_UTILITY_H
#define CONSOLE_IO_UTILITY_H
//Header Files
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "StandardConstants.h"
//Global Constants
// none
//Function Prototypes
/*
Name: clearLeadingCharacters
Process: Clears all leading non-printable characters from the console stream
Function input/parameters: allow space return (bool)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: first printable character as integer
Device input/keyboard: none
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: getchar
*/
int clearLeadingCharacters( bool allowSpaceReturn );
/*
Name: getChar
Process: returns next character in stream,
ignores all white space (including SPACE) prior to character
Function input/parameters: flag to accept space (bool)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: one character (char) is returned to calling method
Device input/keyboard: places one or more characters in stream
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies:
*/
char getChar();
/*
Name: getCharFiltered
Process: returns next character in stream,
ignores non printable characters prior to input character
but may accept space depending on flag
Function input/parameters: flag to accept space (bool)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: first printable character or space (if configured)
returned (char)
Device input/keyboard: places one or more characters in stream
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: getchar(), clearLeadingCharacters
*/
char getCharFiltered( bool acceptSpace );
/*
Name: getInputString
Process: acquires input string from keyboard, if clear white space flag set,
ignores all white space, including space character
Function input/parameters: clear white space control (bool)
Function output/parameters: character array (char[])
Function output/returned: none
Device input/keyboard: user entry of a character stream
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: getchar(), clearLeadingCharacters
*/
void getInputString(char inputArr[], bool clearWhiteSpace );
/*
Name: printCharacter
Process: prints a single character
Function input/parameters: character to be printed (char)
Function output/parameters: None
Function output/returned: None
Device input/keyboard: None
Device output/monitor: character printed as specified
Dependencies: printCharacters
*/
void printCharacter( char outputChar );
/*
Name: printCharacters
Process: prints given number of characters
Function input/parameters: number of characters (int),
character to be printed (char)
Function output/parameters: None
Function output/returned: None
Device input/keyboard: None
Device output/monitor: Number of specified characters printed
Dependencies: printf
*/
void printCharacters( int numChars, char outputChar );
/*
Name: printDouble
Process: simple print double function
Function input/parameters:
outVal - the double value to be output (double)
precision - the number of digits to the right of the decimal point (int)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: none
Device input: none
Device output/monitor: one double value displayed
Dependencies: printDoubleJustified
*/
void printDouble( double outVal, int precision );
/*
Name: printDoubleJustified
Process: the precision is set for the double value, then the pre-spaces
and post-spaces are calculated for the requested justification,
and then the pre-spaces are printed, the double value is printed,
and then the post-spaces are printed
Function input/parameters:
outVal - the double value to be output (double)
blockSize - the width of the block within which
to print the integer value (int)
justify - "LEFT," "RIGHT," or "CENTER" justification in block (c-string)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: none
Device input: none
Device output/monitor: one double value displayed, justified, with precision
Dependencies: formatDouble, printStringJustified
*/
void printDoubleJustified( double outVal, int precision,
int blockSize, const char* justify );
/*
Name: printEndline
Process: prints single endline character to end a line or create vertical space
Function input/parameters: none
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: none
Device input: none
Device output/monitor: one endline character output
Dependencies: printEndline
*/
void printEndline();
/*
Name: printEndlines
Process: prints the specified number of endline characters
to end a line and/or create vertical space(s)
Function input/parameters: number of endlines (int)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: none
Device input: none
Device output/monitor: endline characters output as specified
Dependencies: printEndline
*/
void printEndlines( int numEndlines );
/*
Name: printInteger
Process: prints integer value
Function input/parameters: outVal - the integer value to be output
Function output/parameters: None
Device Input: None
Device Output: Integer is displayed as specified
Dependencies: printIntegerJustified
*/
void printInteger( int outVal );
/*
Name: printIntegerJustified
Process: prints integer value with the specified justification
within the specified blockSize
Function input/parameters:
outVal - the integer value to be output (int)
blockSize - the width of the block within which
to print the integer value (int)
justify - "LEFT," "RIGHT," or "CENTER" justification in block (c-string)
Function output/parameters: none
Device Input: None
Device Output: Integer is displayed as specified
Dependencies: sprintf, printStringJustified
*/
void printIntegerJustified( int outVal, int blockSize, const char *justify );
/*
Name: printLongInteger
Process: prints long integer
Function input/Parameters: outVal - the long integer value to be output
Function output/parameters: None
Function output/returned: None
Device Input/keyboard: None
Device Output/Monitor: integer is displayed as specified
Dependencies: printLongIntJustified
*/
void printLongInteger( long outVal );
/*
Name: printLongIntegerJustified
Process: prints long integer with the specified justification
within the specified blockSize
Function Input/Parameters:
outVal - the long integer value to be output (long int)
blockSize - the width of the block within which
to print the integer value (int)
justify - "LEFT," "RIGHT," or "CENTER" justification in block (c-string)
Function output/parameters: None
Function output/returned: None
Device Input/keyboard: None
Device Output/Monitor: integer is displayed as specified
Dependencies: sprintf, printStringJustified
*/
void printLongIntegerJustified( long outVal,
int blockSize, const char *justify );
/*
Name: printString
Process: prints string
Function input/parameters: outVal - the string value to be output
Function output/parameters: None
Function output/returned: None
Function input/keyboard: None
Device output/monitor: string is displayed as specified
Dependencies: printStringJustified
*/
void printString( const char *outStr );
/*
Name: printStringJustified
Process: prints string within specified block size
and with specified justification
Function input/parameters:
outStr - the string value to be output (c-string)
blockSize - the width of the block within which
to print the integer value (int)
justify - "LEFT," "RIGHT," or "CENTER" justification in block (c-string)
Function output/parameters: None
Function output/returned: None
Function input/keyboard: None
Device output/monitor: string is displayed as specified
Dependencies: strlen, strcmp, printCharacters, printf
*/
void printStringJustified( const char *outStr,
int blockSize, const char *justify );
/*
Name: promptForCharacter
Process: prompts user for character, then returns it
Function input/parameters: text to prompt user (c-string)
Function output/parameters: None
Function output/returned: one character (chars
Device input/keyboard: user entry of a character
Device output/monitor: prompt string displayed
Dependencies: printf, getChar
*/
char promptForCharacter( const char *promptString );
/*
Name: promptForDouble
Process: prompts user for double, then returns it
Function input/parameters: test to prompt user (c-string)
Function output/parameters: None
Function output/returned: value (double)
Device input/keyboard: user entry of an integer value
Device output/monitor: prompt string displayed
Dependencies: printf, scanf
*/
double promptForDouble( const char *promptString );
/*
Name: promptForInteger
Process: prompts user for integer, then returns it
Function input/parameters: text to prompt user (c-string)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: integer value (int)
Device input/keyboard: user entry of a double value
Device output/monitor: prompt string displayed
Dependencies: printf, scanf
*/
int promptForInteger( const char *promptString );
/*
Name: promptForString
Process: prompts user for string, then returns it
Function input/parameters: text to prompt user (c-string)
Function output/parameters: input string captured (c-string)
Function output/returned: none
Device input/keyboard: user entry of a string value
Device output/monitor: prompt string displayed
Dependencies: printf, getInputString
*/
void promptForString( const char *promptString, char returnStr[] );
#endif // end CONSOLE_IO_UTILITY_H

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/*
Formatted file input utility, function implementations
Copyright (c) 2021 by Michael E. Leverington
Code is free for use in whole or in part and may be modified for other
non-commercial use as long as the above copyright statement is included.
*/
// header files
#include "File_Input_Utility.h"
#include <stdlib.h> //////////////////////////test
// local global constants, used only in this file
// dummy file pointer for accessInputFilePointer
const FILE *DUMMY_INPUT_FILE_PTR = NULL;
// dummy Boolean for accessEndOfInputFileFlag, accessOpenFlag
const char DUMMY_INPUT_FLAG = false;
// control code for accessing file pointer, accessInputFilePointer
const int GET_INPUT_FILE_PTR = 3003;
// control code for accessing flag value,
// accessEndOfInputFileFlag, accessOpenFlag
const int GET_INPUT_FLAG = 2002;
// control code for setting file pointer, accessInputFilePointer
const int SET_INPUT_FILE_PTR = 4004;
// control code for setting flag value, accessEndOfInputFileFlag,
// accessOpenFlag
const int SET_INPUT_FLAG = 1001;
/*
Name: accessEndOfInputFileFlag
process: allows accessing or modifying end of file flag state;
note: flag is maintained (static) value initialized to false
Function input/parameters: control code (int), flag state (bool)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: result of flag state (bool)
Device input/file: none
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: none
*/
bool accessEndOfInputFileFlag( int ctrlCode, bool setFlag )
{
// initialize end of file flag to false
static bool endOfFileFlag = false;
// test for set flag
if( ctrlCode == SET_INPUT_FLAG )
{
// set flag to given state
endOfFileFlag = setFlag;
}
// return flag state
return endOfFileFlag;
}
/*
Name: accessInputFilePointer
process: allows setting or accessing file pointer;
note: pointer is maintained (static) value initialized to NULL
Function input/parameters: control code (int), file pointer (FILE *)
DUMMY_INPUT_FILE_PTR used
if not setting file pointer
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: file pointer (FILE *)
Device input/file: none
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: none
*/
FILE *accessInputFilePointer( int ctrlCode, const FILE *filePtr )
{
// initialize file pointer to null
static FILE *filePointer = NULL;
// check for set new pointer
if( ctrlCode == SET_INPUT_FILE_PTR )
{
// set file pointer to parameter
filePointer = (FILE *)filePtr;
}
// return file pointer
return filePointer;
}
/*
Name: checkForEndOfInputFile
process: checks to see if end of file flag has been encountered,
returns true if EOF has been encountered, false otherwise
Function input/parameters: none
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: result of specified test (bool)
Device input/file: none
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: accessEndOfInputFileFlag
*/
bool checkForEndOfInputFile()
{
// return access to end of file flag
// function: accessEndOfInputFileFlag
return accessEndOfInputFileFlag( GET_INPUT_FLAG, DUMMY_INPUT_FLAG );
}
/*
Name: checkForInputFileOpen
process: checks to see if file is currently open
returns true if file pointer not null, false otherwise
Function input/parameters: none
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: result of specified test (bool)
Device input/file: none
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: accessInputFilePointer
*/
bool checkForInputFileOpen()
{
// return access to end of file flag
// function: accessInputFilePointer
return accessInputFilePointer( GET_INPUT_FLAG,
DUMMY_INPUT_FILE_PTR ) != NULL;
}
/*
Name: clearLeadingWhiteSpace
process: captures non printable characters,
and space if flag set,
returns first non white space value found as integer
Function input/parameters: file pointer (FILE *), clear space flag (bool)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: first non WS character as integer
Device input/file: value captured from file
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: fgetc
*/
int clearLeadingWhiteSpace( FILE *filePtr, bool clearSpace )
{
// initialize character input value
// function: fgetc
int charInt = fgetc( filePtr );
while(
// continue if not at end of file
( charInt != EOF )
// AND
// continue if character is non printable
&& ( ( charInt < (int)SPACE || charInt > (int)HIGHEST_PRINTABLE_CHAR )
// OR
// continue if clear space flag set and space is found
|| ( clearSpace && charInt == SPACE ) )
)
{
// capture next character
// function: fgetc
charInt = fgetc( filePtr );
}
// return input value as character
return (char)charInt;
}
/*
Name: closeInputFile
process: closes input file, returns true if successful, false otherwise
Function input/parameters: none
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: none
Device input/file: file closed
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: accessInputFilePointer, fclose, accessEndOfInputFileFlag
*/
bool closeInputFile()
{
// set local file pointer to working file pointer
// function: accessInputFilePointer
FILE *filePtr = accessInputFilePointer( GET_INPUT_FILE_PTR,
DUMMY_INPUT_FILE_PTR );
// check for valid file pointer
if( filePtr != NULL )
{
// close file
fclose( filePtr );
// set pointer to NULL
// function: accessInputFilePointer
accessInputFilePointer( SET_INPUT_FILE_PTR, NULL );
// set end of file flag to false
// function: accessEndOfInputFileFlag
accessEndOfInputFileFlag( SET_INPUT_FLAG, false );
// return successful operation
return true;
}
// return failed operation
return false;
}
/*
Name: openInputFile
process: opens input file, sets file pointer and unsets end of file flag,
returns true if successful, false otherwise
Function input/parameters: file name (c-string)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: success of operation (bool)
Device input/file: file opened
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: fopen, accessInputFilePointer, accessEndOfInputFileFlag
*/
bool openInputFile( const char *fileName )
{
// initialize variables
FILE *filePtr = NULL;
char readOnlyCharacter[] = "r";
// check for file not open
// function: checkForInputFileOpen
if( !checkForInputFileOpen() )
{
// open file
// function: fopen
filePtr = fopen( fileName, readOnlyCharacter );
// check for success of file open
if( filePtr != NULL )
{
// set pointer in access function
// function: accessInputFilePointer
accessInputFilePointer( SET_INPUT_FILE_PTR, filePtr );
// reset end of file flag, if needed
// accessEndOfInputFileFlag
accessEndOfInputFileFlag( SET_INPUT_FLAG, false );
// return operation success
return true;
}
}
// end of file not previously opened block
// return operation failure
return false;
}
/*
Name: readCharacterFromFile
process: ignores leading unprintable characters, including space,
captures first printable character
Function input/parameters: allow space capture (bool)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: character found if successful, ZERO_CHAR otherwise
Device input/file: character(s) captured from file as needed
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: readCharacterFromFileConfigured
*/
char readCharacterFromFile()
{
// initialize parameter to not allow space
bool noSpaceCapture = false;
// capture character, return
// function: getCharFromFileConfigured
return readCharacterFromFileConfigured( noSpaceCapture );
}
/*
Name: readCharacterFromFileConfigured
process: ignores leading unprintable characters,
captures first printable character,
including space if allowed
Function input/parameters: allow space capture (bool)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: character found if successful, ZERO_CHAR otherwise
Device input/file: character(s) captured from file as needed
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: checkForInputFileOpen, checkForEndOfInputFile,
accessInputFilePointer, clearLeadingWhiteSpace,
accessEndOfInputFileFlag
*/
char readCharacterFromFileConfigured( bool captureSpace )
{
// initialize variables
FILE *filePtr;
int intChar = ZERO_CHAR;
// check for file open and data accessible
// function: checkForInputFileOpen, checkForEndOfInputFile
if( checkForInputFileOpen() && !checkForEndOfInputFile() )
{
// set file pointer
// function: accessInputFilePointer
filePtr = accessInputFilePointer( GET_INPUT_FILE_PTR,
DUMMY_INPUT_FILE_PTR );
// get character
// function: clearLeadingWhiteSpace
intChar = clearLeadingWhiteSpace( filePtr, !captureSpace );
// check for end of file found
if( intChar == EOF )
{
// set end of file flag
// function: accessEndOfInputFileFlag
accessEndOfInputFileFlag( SET_INPUT_FLAG, true );
// set return value to zero
intChar = ZERO_CHAR;
}
}
// return value as character
return intChar;
}
/*
Name: readDoubleFromFile
process: ignores leading unprintable characters,
captures first contiguous double value
Function input/parameters: none
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: double value found if successful (double)
Device input/file: double value captured from file
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: checkForInputFileOpen, checkForEndOfInputFile,
accessInputFilePointer, fscanf, accessEndOfInputFileFlag
*/
double readDoubleFromFile()
{
// initialize variables
FILE *filePtr = NULL;
int fscanfReturn = EOF;
double doubleVal = ZERO_VALUE;
// check for file open and data accessible
// function: checkForInputFileOpen, checkForEndOfInputFile
if( checkForInputFileOpen() && !checkForEndOfInputFile() )
{
// set file pointer
// function: accessInputFilePointer
filePtr = accessInputFilePointer( GET_INPUT_FILE_PTR,
DUMMY_INPUT_FILE_PTR );
// get double value
// function: fscanf
fscanfReturn = fscanf( filePtr, "%lf", &doubleVal );
// check for end of file found
if( fscanfReturn == EOF )
{
// set end of file flag
// function: accessEndOfInputFileFlag
accessEndOfInputFileFlag( SET_INPUT_FLAG, true );
// set return value to zero
doubleVal = ZERO_VALUE;
}
}
// return acquired value
return doubleVal;
}
/*
Name: readIntegerFromFile
process: ignores leading unprintable characters,
captures first contiguous integer
Function input/parameters: none
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: integer found if successful, ZERO_VALUE otherwise
Device input/file: character(s) captured from file as needed
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: checkForInputFileOpen, checkForEndOfInputFile,
accessInputFilePointer, fscanf, accessEndOfInputFileFlag
*/
int readIntegerFromFile()
{
// initialize variables
FILE *filePtr = NULL;
int fscanfReturn = EOF;
int intVal = ZERO_VALUE;
// check for file open and data accessible
// function: checkForInputFileOpen, checkForEndOfInputFile
if( checkForInputFileOpen() && !checkForEndOfInputFile() )
{
// set file pointer
// function: accessInputFilePointer
filePtr = accessInputFilePointer( GET_INPUT_FILE_PTR,
DUMMY_INPUT_FILE_PTR );
// get integer value
// function: fscanf
fscanfReturn = fscanf( filePtr, "%d", &intVal );
// check for end of file found
if( fscanfReturn == EOF )
{
// set end of file flag
// function: accessEndOfInputFileFlag
accessEndOfInputFileFlag( SET_INPUT_FLAG, true );
// set return value to zero
intVal = ZERO_VALUE;
}
}
// return acquired value
return intVal;
}
/*
Name: readLongFromFile
process: ignores leading unprintable characters,
captures first contiguous long int
Function input/parameters: none
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: long integer found if successful,
ZERO_VALUE otherwise
Device input/file: long value captured from file
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: checkForInputFileOpen, checkForEndOfInputFile,
accessInputFilePointer, fscanf, accessEndOfInputFileFlag
*/
long readLongFromFile()
{
// initialize variables
FILE *filePtr = NULL;
int fscanfReturn = EOF;
long longVal = ZERO_VALUE;
// check for file open and data accessible
// function: checkForInputFileOpen, checkForEndOfInputFile
if( checkForInputFileOpen() && !checkForEndOfInputFile() )
{
// set file pointer
// function: accessInputFilePointer
filePtr = accessInputFilePointer( GET_INPUT_FILE_PTR,
DUMMY_INPUT_FILE_PTR );
// get long value
// function: fscanf
fscanfReturn = fscanf( filePtr, "%ld", &longVal );
// check for end of file found
if( fscanfReturn == EOF )
{
// set end of file flag
// function: accessEndOfInputFileFlag
accessEndOfInputFileFlag( SET_INPUT_FLAG, true );
// set return value to zero
longVal = ZERO_VALUE;
}
}
// return acquired value
return longVal;
}
/*
Name: readRawCharFromFile
process: captures first character in file stream including non-printable
Function input/parameters: none
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: character found if successful, ZERO_CHAR otherwise
Device input/file: character captured from file
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: checkForInputFileOpen, checkForEndOfInputFile,
accessInputFilePointer, fgetc, accessEndOfInputFileFlag
*/
char readRawCharFromFile()
{
// initialize variables
FILE *filePtr = NULL;
int intChar = (int)ZERO_CHAR;
// check for file open and data accessible
// function: checkForInputFileOpen, checkForEndOfInputFile
if( checkForInputFileOpen() && !checkForEndOfInputFile() )
{
// set file pointer
// function: accessInputFilePointer
filePtr = accessInputFilePointer( GET_INPUT_FILE_PTR,
DUMMY_INPUT_FILE_PTR );
// get character
// function: fgetc
intChar = fgetc( filePtr );
// check for end of file found
if( intChar == EOF )
{
// set end of file flag
// function: accessEndOfInputFileFlag
accessEndOfInputFileFlag( SET_INPUT_FLAG, true );
// set return value to zero
intChar = (int)ZERO_CHAR;
}
}
// return acquired value
return (char)intChar;
}
/*
Name: readStringConfiguredFromFile
Process: captures string with options:
- clear leading non printable (bool)
- clear leading space character (bool)
- adquires characters up to any non-printable (bool)
- adquires characters up to any printable delimiter (char)
- use constant NON_PRINTABLE if no delimiter
- also stops capture when full (MAX_STR_LEN)
Note: This function consumes the last character input,
including the space, delimiter, or non-printable character
Function input/parameters: see process above
Function output/parameters: captured string (char *), EMPTY_STRING otherwise
Function output/returned: success of operation (bool)
Device input/file: character(s) captured from file as needed
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: checkForInputFileOpen, checkForEndOfInputFile,
clearLeadingWhiteSpace, fgetc, accessEndOfInputFileFlag
*/
bool readStringConfiguredFromFile( bool clearLeadingNonPrintable,
bool clearLeadingSpace,
bool stopAtNonPrintable,
char delimiter,
char *capturedString )
{
// initialize variables
int intChar = EOF, index = 0;
FILE *filePtr = NULL;
// initialize output string
capturedString[ index ] = NULL_CHAR;
// check for file open and data accessible
// function: checkForInputFileOpen, checkForEndOfInputFile
if( checkForInputFileOpen() && !checkForEndOfInputFile() )
{
// get file pointer
// function: accessFilePtr
filePtr = accessInputFilePointer( GET_INPUT_FILE_PTR,
DUMMY_INPUT_FILE_PTR );
// check for clearing non printable
if( clearLeadingNonPrintable )
{
// clear leading white space, with clear space character flag
// function: clearLeadingWhiteSpace
intChar = clearLeadingWhiteSpace( filePtr, clearLeadingSpace );
}
// otherwise, assume non printable not cleared
else
{
// get first character
// function: fgetc
intChar = fgetc( filePtr );
// check for clearing spaces
if( clearLeadingSpace )
{
// loop while spaces found and end of file not found
while( intChar != EOF && intChar == (int)SPACE )
{
// capture new character
// function: fgetc
intChar = fgetc( filePtr );
}
}
} // end leading character clearing process
// check for end of file found
if( intChar == EOF )
{
// set end of file flag
// function: accessEndOfInputFileFlag
accessEndOfInputFileFlag( SET_INPUT_FLAG, true );
// return failed operation
return false;
}
// loop to capture input
while(
// continues if not at end of file and max string length not reached
( intChar != EOF && index < MAX_STR_LEN - 1 )
// AND
// continues if not printable flag set and characters are printable
// OR not printable flag not set
&& ( ( stopAtNonPrintable && intChar >= (int)SPACE )
|| ( !stopAtNonPrintable ) )
// AND
// continues if specified delimiter is not found
&& ( intChar != (char)delimiter )
)
{
// place character in array element
capturedString[ index ] = (char)intChar;
// increment array index
index++;
// set next element to null character / end of c-string
capturedString[ index ] = NULL_CHAR;
// get next character as integer
// function: fgetc
intChar = fgetc( filePtr );
}
// end loop
// return successful operation
return true;
}
// end of open file and accessible data block
return false; // temporary stub return
}
/*
Name: readStringSegmentFromFile
process: ignores leading white space, including space character,
captures series of characters up to first space,
or end of line, or full string
Function input/parameters: none
Function output/parameters: captured string (char *), EMPTY_STRING otherwise
Function output/returned: success of operation (bool)
Device input/file: character(s) captured from file as needed
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: readStringConfigured with appropriate parameters
*/
bool readStringSegmentFromFile( char *capturedString )
{
// initialize variables
bool clearLeadingNonPrintable = true;
bool clearLeadingSpace = true;
bool stopAtNonPrintable = true;
char delimiter = SPACE;
// call utility function, return
return readStringConfiguredFromFile( clearLeadingNonPrintable,
clearLeadingSpace,
stopAtNonPrintable,
delimiter,
capturedString );
}
/*
Name: readStringToLineEndFromFile
process: ignores leading white space, including space character,
captures series of characters up to end of current line
or full string
Function input/parameters: none
Function output/parameters: captured string (char *), EMPTY_STRING otherwise
Function output/returned: string found if successful
Device input/file: character(s) captured from file as needed
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: readStringConfigured with appropriate parameters
*/
bool readStringToLineEndFromFile( char *capturedString )
{
// initialize variables
bool clearLeadingNonPrintable = true;
bool clearLeadingSpace = true;
bool stopAtNonPrintable = true;
char delimiter = NON_PRINTABLE;
// call utility function, return
return readStringConfiguredFromFile( clearLeadingNonPrintable,
clearLeadingSpace,
stopAtNonPrintable,
delimiter,
capturedString );
}
/*
Name: readStringToDelimiterFromFile
process: ignores leading white space, including space character,
captures series of characters up to specified character
Function input/parameters: none
Function output/parameters: captured string (char *), EMPTY_STRING otherwise
Function output/returned: string found if successful
Device input/file: character(s) captured from file as needed
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: readStringConfigured with appropriate parameters
*/
bool readStringToDelimiterFromFile( char delimiter, char *capturedString )
{
// initialize variables
bool clearLeadingNonPrintable = true;
bool clearLeadingSpace = true;
bool stopAtNonPrintable = true;
// call utility function, return
return readStringConfiguredFromFile( clearLeadingNonPrintable,
clearLeadingSpace,
stopAtNonPrintable,
delimiter,
capturedString );
}

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/*
Formatted file input utility, function prototypes
Copyright (c) 2021 by Michael E. Leverington
Code is free for use in whole or in part and may be modified for other
non-commercial use as long as the above copyright statement is included.
*/
/*
Rev 0.0: 30 June 2021, Initial creation of file
UTILITY USAGE INSTRUCTIONS:
1) This utility contains functions that may be used for file input operations
using the C programming language with text files.
The utility must be linked with the program code with which
it will be used.
2) Specifications for all the functions
are provided in a standardized format below.
3) Use this code at your own risk. There is no guarantee of any performance,
implied or otherwise, for any part of this code
END OF INSTRUCTIONS
*/
// PreProcessor test
#ifndef FILE_INPUT_UTILITY_H
#define FILE_INPUT_UTILITY_H
// header files
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "StandardConstants.h"
// constants shared with other files
// non printable flag, used in getStringConfigured
static const char NON_PRINTABLE = (char)(127);
// constant used for zero character return
static const char ZERO_CHAR = '0';
// constant used for zero int/double value return
static const char ZERO_VALUE = 0;
// function prototypes
/*
Name: accessEndOfInputFileFlag
process: allows accessing or modifying end of file flag state;
note: flag is maintained (static) value initialized to false
Function input/parameters: control code (int), flag state (bool)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: result of flag state (bool)
Device input/file: none
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: none
*/
bool accessEndOfInputFileFlag( int ctrlCode, bool setFlag );
/*
Name: accessInputFilePointer
process: allows setting or accessing file pointer;
note: pointer is maintained (static) value initialized to NULL
Function input/parameters: control code (int), file pointer (FILE *)
DUMMY_INPUT_FILE_PTR used
if not setting file pointer
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: file pointer (FILE *)
Device input/file: none
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: none
*/
FILE *accessInputFilePointer( int ctrlCode, const FILE *filePtr );
/*
Name: checkForEndOfInputFile
process: checks to see if end of file flag has been encountered,
returns true if EOF has been encountered, false otherwise
Function input/parameters: none
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: result of specified test (bool)
Device input/file: none
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: accessEndOfInputFileFlag
*/
bool checkForEndOfInputFile();
/*
Name: checkForInputFileOpen
process: checks to see if file is currently open
returns true if file pointer not null, false otherwise
Function input/parameters: none
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: result of specified test (bool)
Device input/file: none
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: accessInputFilePointer
*/
bool checkForInputFileOpen();
/*
Name: clearLeadingWhiteSpace
process: captures non printable characters,
and space if flag set,
returns first non white space value found as integer
Function input/parameters: file pointer (FILE *), clear space flag (bool)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: first non WS character as integer
Device input/file: value captured from file
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: fgetc
*/
int clearLeadingWhiteSpace( FILE *filePtr, bool clearSpace );
/*
Name: closeInputFile
process: closes input file, returns true if successful, false otherwise
Function input/parameters: none
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: none
Device input/file: file closed
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: accessInputFilePointer, fclose, accessEndOfInputFileFlag
*/
bool closeInputFile();
/*
Name: openInputFile
process: opens input file, sets file pointer and unsets end of file flag,
returns true if successful, false otherwise
Function input/parameters: file name (c-string)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: success of operation (bool)
Device input/file: file opened
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: fopen, accessInputFilePointer, accessEndOfInputFileFlag
*/
bool openInputFile( const char *fileName );
/*
Name: readCharacterFromFile
process: ignores leading unprintable characters, including space,
captures first printable character
Function input/parameters: allow space capture (bool)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: character found if successful, ZERO_CHAR otherwise
Device input/file: character(s) captured from file as needed
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: readCharacterFromFileConfigured
*/
char readCharacterFromFile();
/*
Name: readCharacterFromFileConfigured
process: ignores leading unprintable characters,
captures first printable character,
including space if allowed
Function input/parameters: allow space capture (bool)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: character found if successful, ZERO_CHAR otherwise
Device input/file: character(s) captured from file as needed
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: checkForInputFileOpen, checkForEndOfInputFile,
accessInputFilePointer, clearLeadingWhiteSpace,
accessEndOfInputFileFlag
*/
char readCharacterFromFileConfigured( bool captureSpace );
/*
Name: readDoubleFromFile
process: ignores leading unprintable characters,
captures first contiguous double value
Function input/parameters: none
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: double value found if successful (double)
Device input/file: double value captured from file
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: checkForInputFileOpen, checkForEndOfInputFile,
accessInputFilePointer, fscanf, accessEndOfInputFileFlag
*/
double readDoubleFromFile();
/*
Name: readIntegerFromFile
process: ignores leading unprintable characters,
captures first contiguous integer
Function input/parameters: none
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: integer found if successful, ZERO_VALUE otherwise
Device input/file: character(s) captured from file as needed
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: checkForInputFileOpen, checkForEndOfInputFile,
accessInputFilePointer, fscanf, accessEndOfInputFileFlag
*/
int readIntegerFromFile();
/*
Name: readLongFromFile
process: ignores leading unprintable characters,
captures first contiguous long int
Function input/parameters: none
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: long integer found if successful,
ZERO_VALUE otherwise
Device input/file: long value captured from file
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: checkForInputFileOpen, checkForEndOfInputFile,
accessInputFilePointer, fscanf, accessEndOfInputFileFlag
*/
long readLongFromFile();
/*
Name: readRawCharFromFile
process: captures first character in file stream including non-printable
Function input/parameters: none
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: character found if successful, ZERO_CHAR otherwise
Device input/file: character captured from file
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: checkForInputFileOpen, checkForEndOfInputFile,
accessInputFilePointer, fgetc, accessEndOfInputFileFlag
*/
char readRawCharFromFile();
/*
Name: readStringConfiguredFromFile
Process: captures string with options:
- clear leading non printable (bool)
- clear leading space character (bool)
- adquires characters up to any non-printable (bool)
- adquires characters up to any printable delimiter (char)
- use constant NON_PRINTABLE if no delimiter
- also stops capture when full (MAX_STR_LEN)
Note: This function consumes the last character input,
including the space, delimiter, or non-printable character
Function input/parameters: see process above
Function output/parameters: captured string (char *), EMPTY_STRING otherwise
Function output/returned: success of operation (bool)
Device input/file: character(s) captured from file as needed
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: checkForInputFileOpen, checkForEndOfInputFile,
clearLeadingWhiteSpace, fgetc, accessEndOfInputFileFlag
*/
bool readStringConfiguredFromFile( bool clearLeadingNonPrintable,
bool clearLeadingSpace,
bool stopAtNonPrintable,
char delimiter,
char *capturedString );
/*
Name: readStringSegmentFromFile
process: ignores leading white space, including space character,
captures series of characters up to first space,
or end of line, or full string
Function input/parameters: none
Function output/parameters: captured string (char *), EMPTY_STRING otherwise
Function output/returned: success of operation (bool)
Device input/file: character(s) captured from file as needed
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: readStringConfigured with appropriate parameters
*/
bool readStringSegmentFromFile( char *capturedString );
/*
Name: readStringToLineEndFromFile
process: ignores leading white space, including space character,
captures series of characters up to end of current line
or full string
Function input/parameters: none
Function output/parameters: captured string (char *), EMPTY_STRING otherwise
Function output/returned: string found if successful
Device input/file: character(s) captured from file as needed
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: readStringConfigured with appropriate parameters
*/
bool readStringToLineEndFromFile( char *capturedString );
/*
Name: readStringToDelimiterFromFile
process: ignores leading white space, including space character,
captures series of characters up to specified character
Function input/parameters: none
Function output/parameters: captured string (char *), EMPTY_STRING otherwise
Function output/returned: string found if successful
Device input/file: character(s) captured from file as needed
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: readStringConfigured with appropriate parameters
*/
bool readStringToDelimiterFromFile( char delimiter, char *capturedString );
#endif // FILE_INPUT_UTILITY_H

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/*
Formatted file ouput utility, function implementations
Copyright (c) 2021 by Michael E. Leverington
Code is free for use in whole or in part and may be modified for other
non-commercial use as long as the above copyright statement is included.
*/
// header files
#include "File_Output_Utility.h"
// local global constants, used only in this file
// dummy file pointer for accessInputFilePointer
const FILE *DUMMY_OUTPUT_FILE_PTR = NULL;
// dummy Boolean for accessEndOfInputFileFlag, accessOpenFlag
// const char DUMMY_OUTPUT_FLAG = false;
// control code for accessing file pointer, accessInputFilePointer
const int GET_OUTPUT_FILE_PTR = 6006;
// control code for accessing flag value,
// accessEndOfInputFileFlag, accessOpenFlag
const int GET_OUTPUT_FLAG = 9009;
// control code for setting file pointer, accessInputFilePointer
const int SET_OUTPUT_FILE_PTR = 8008;
// control code for setting flag value, accessEndOfInputFileFlag,
// accessOpenFlag
// const int SET_OUTPUT_FLAG = 1001;
/*
Name: accessOutputFilePointer
process: allows setting or accessing file pointer;
note: pointer is maintained (static) value initialized to NULL
Function input/parameters: control code (int), file pointer (FILE *)
DUMMY_OUTPUT_FILE_PTR used
if not setting file pointer
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: file pointer (FILE *)
Device input/file: none
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: none
*/
FILE *accessOutputFilePointer( int ctrlCode, const FILE *filePtr )
{
static FILE *filePointer = NULL;
// check for set new pointer
if( ctrlCode == SET_OUTPUT_FILE_PTR )
{
// set file pointer to parameter
filePointer = (FILE *)filePtr;
}
// return file pointer
return filePointer;
}
/*
Name: closeOutputFile
Process: closes output file, returns true if successful, false otherwise
Function input/parameters: none
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: operation success (bool)
Device input/file: none
Device output/file: output file closed
Dependencies: accessOutputFilePointer, fclose
*/
bool closeOutputFile()
{
// set local file pointer to working file pointer
// function: accessOutputFilePointer
FILE *filePtr = accessOutputFilePointer( GET_OUTPUT_FILE_PTR,
DUMMY_OUTPUT_FILE_PTR );
// check for valid file pointer
if( filePtr != NULL )
{
// add two more endlines to verify that the data is ended
// and has at least one extra newline after the data
// function: fprintf
fprintf( filePtr, "\n\n" );
// flush all data to the device
// function: fflush
fflush( filePtr );
// close file
// function: fclose
fclose( filePtr );
// set pointer to NULL
// function: accessOutputFilePointer
accessOutputFilePointer( SET_OUTPUT_FILE_PTR, NULL );
// return successful operation
return true;
}
// return failed operation
return false;
}
/*
Name: openOutputFile
Process: opens input file, returns true if successful, false otherwise
Function input/parameters: file name (c-string)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: operation success (bool)
Device input/file: none
Device output/file: output file opened
Dependencies: accessOutputFilePointer, fopen
*/
bool openOutputFile( const char *fileName )
{
// initialize variables
FILE *filePtr = accessOutputFilePointer( GET_OUTPUT_FILE_PTR,
DUMMY_OUTPUT_FILE_PTR );
char writeCharacter[] = "w";
// check for file not open
if( filePtr == NULL )
{
// open file
// function: fopen
filePtr = fopen( fileName, writeCharacter );
// check for success of file open
if( filePtr != NULL )
{
// set pointer in access function
// function: accessInputFilePointer
accessOutputFilePointer( SET_OUTPUT_FILE_PTR, filePtr );
// return operation success
return true;
}
}
// end of file not previously opened block
// return operation failure
return false;
}
/*
Name: writeCharacterToFile
Process: writes individual character to file,
returns true if successful, false otherwise
Function input/parameters: character to output (char)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: operation success (bool)
Device input/file: none
Device output/file: character written to file
Dependencies: accessOutputFilePointer, fprintf
*/
bool writeCharacterToFile( char outChar )
{
// initialize variables, set file pointer
// function: accessOutputFilePointer
FILE *filePtr = accessOutputFilePointer( GET_OUTPUT_FILE_PTR,
DUMMY_OUTPUT_FILE_PTR );
// check for open file
// function: checkForOutputFileOpen
if( filePtr != NULL )
{
// write character
// function: fprintf
fprintf( filePtr, "%c", outChar );
// return successful operation
return true;
}
// return failed operation
return false;
}
/*
Name: writeCharactersToFile
Process: writes multiple characters to file,
returns true if successful, false otherwise
Function input/parameters: number of characters to output (int),
character to output (char)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: operation success (bool)
Device input/file: none
Device output/file: multiple characters written to file
Dependencies: writeCharacterToFile
*/
bool writeCharactersToFile( int numChars, char outChar )
{
// check for number of characters remaining,
if( numChars > 0 )
{
// write character, check for success
// function: writeChar
if( writeCharacterToFile( outChar ) )
{
// continue recursion,
// check for downstream success
// function: writeChars
return writeCharactersToFile( numChars - 1, outChar );
}
// quit recursion
// return unsuccessful operation - write operation failed
return false;
}
// return successful operation - all characters have been written
return true;
}
/*
Name: writeDoubleToFile
Process: writes individual formatted double value to file,
returns true if successful, false otherwise
Function input/parameters: double value to output (double),
number of digits to right of radix point
(precision) (int)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: operation success (bool)
Device input/file: none
Device output/file: double written to file
Dependencies: writeDoubleJustifiedToFile
*/
bool writeDoubleToFile( double outVal, int precision )
{
// initialize variables, set block size to zero and justified to "LEFT"
int blockSize = 0;
char justified[] = "LEFT";
// call to justified function
// function: writeDoubleJustifiedToFile
return writeDoubleJustifiedToFile( outVal, precision,
blockSize, justified );
}
/*
Name: writeDoubleToFileJustified
Process: writes individual formatted double value to file justified,
returns true if successful, false otherwise
outVal - the double value to be output
precision - number of digits to the right of the radix point
blockSize - the width of the block within which
to print the integer value (int)
justify - "LEFT," "RIGHT," or "CENTER" justification
in block (c-string)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: operation success (bool)
Device input/file: none
Device output/file: double written to file as specified
Dependencies: sprintf, writeStringJustifiedToFile
*/
bool writeDoubleJustifiedToFile( double outVal, int precision,
int blockSize, const char *justified )
{
// initialize variables, create temp string for configuration string
char specStr[ MIN_STR_LEN ];
// initialize variables, create temporary output string
char outStr[ MIN_STR_LEN ];
// set configuration string with precision value
// function: sprintf
sprintf( specStr, "%s0.%dlf", "%", precision );
// set double to string
// function: sprintf
sprintf( outStr, specStr, outVal );
// write as string, return result
// function: writeStringJustified
return writeStringJustifiedToFile( outStr, blockSize, justified );
}
/*
Name: writeEndlineToFile
Process: writes newline ('\n') to file,
returns true if successful, false otherwise
Function input/parameters: none
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: operation success (bool)
Device input/file: none
Device output/file: newline written to file
Dependencies: accessOutputFilePointer, fprintf
*/
bool writeEndlineToFile()
{
// get file pointer, initialize variable
// function: accessOutputFilePointer
FILE *filePtr = accessOutputFilePointer( GET_OUTPUT_FILE_PTR,
DUMMY_OUTPUT_FILE_PTR );
// check for open file
if( filePtr != NULL )
{
// print endline to file
// function: fprintf
fprintf( filePtr, "%c", NEWLINE_CHAR );
// return successful operation
return true;
}
// file not open, return failed operation
return false;
}
/*
Name: writeEndlinesToFile
Process: writes multiple carriage return ('\r')
and newline ('\n') pairs to file,
returns true if successful, false otherwise
Function input/parameters: number of endline pairs to write (int)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: operation success (bool)
Device input/file: none
Device output/file: multiple newline characters written to file
Dependencies: writeString
*/
bool writeEndlinesToFile( int numEndlines )
{
// check for number of characters remaining,
if( numEndlines > 0 )
{
// write endline, check for success
// function: writeEndlineTofile
if( writeEndlineToFile() )
{
// continue recursion,
// check for downstream success
// function: writeEndlinesToFile
return writeEndlinesToFile( numEndlines - 1 );
}
// quit recursion
// return unsuccessful operation - write operation failed
return false;
}
// return successful operation - all endlines have been written
return true;
}
/*
Name: writeIntegerToFile
Process: writes individual integer to file,
returns true if successful, false otherwise
Function input/parameters: integer to output (int)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: operation success (bool)
Device input/file: none
Device output/file: integer written to file
Dependencies: writeIntegerJustifiedToFile
*/
bool writeIntegerToFile( int outVal )
{
// initialize variables, set block size to zero and justified to "LEFT"
int blockSize = 0;
char justified[] = "LEFT";
// call to justified function
// function: writeDoubleJustifiedToFile
return writeIntegerJustifiedToFile( outVal, blockSize, justified );
}
/*
Name: writeIntegerJustifiedToFile
Process: writes individual integer to file,
returns true if successful, false otherwise
Function input/parameters:
outVal - the integer value to be output
precision - number of digits to the right of the radix point
blockSize - the width of the block within which
to print the integer value (int)
justify - "LEFT," "RIGHT," or "CENTER" justification
in block (c-string)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: operation success (bool)
Device input/file: none
Device output/file: integer written to file as specified
Dependencies: sprintf, writeStringJustifiedToFile
*/
bool writeIntegerJustifiedToFile( int outVal, int blockSize,
const char *justified )
{
// initialize variables, create temporary output string
char outStr[ MIN_STR_LEN ];
// set integer to string
// function: sprintf
sprintf( outStr, "%d", outVal );
// write as string, return result
// function: writeStringJustified
return writeStringJustifiedToFile( outStr, blockSize, justified );
}
/*
Name: writeStringToFile
Process: writes String value to file,
returns true if successful, false otherwise
Function input/parameters: double value to output (double),
number of digits to right of radix point
(precision) (int)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: operation success (bool)
Device input/file: none
Device output/file: String written to file
Dependencies: writeStringJustifiedToFile
*/
bool writeStringToFile( const char *outString )
{
// initialize variables, set block size to zero and justified to "LEFT"
int blockSize = 0;
char justified[] = "LEFT";
// call to justified function
// function: writeStringJustifiedToFile
return writeStringJustifiedToFile( outString, blockSize, justified );
}
/*
Name: writeStringJustifiedToFile
Process: write string to file within specified block size
and with specified justification
Function input/parameters:
outVal - the string value to be output
blockSize - the width of the block within which
to print the integer value (int)
justify - "LEFT," "RIGHT," or "CENTER" justification
in block (c-string)
Function output/parameters: None
Function output/returned: success of output operation (bool)
Function input/keyboard: None
Device output/file: string written to file as specified
Dependencies: strlen, strcmp, writeCharactersToFile, fprint
*/
bool writeStringJustifiedToFile( const char *outStr,
int blockSize, const char *justify )
{
// initialize variables, set pre-, post- spaces to zero
int preSpaces = 0, postSpaces = 0, strLength;
// get file pointer
// function: accessFileOutputFilePointer
FILE *filePtr = accessOutputFilePointer( GET_OUTPUT_FILE_PTR,
DUMMY_OUTPUT_FILE_PTR );
if( filePtr != NULL )
{
// find length of string
// function: strlen
strLength = strlen( outStr );
// check justification for "LEFT"
// function: strcmp
if( strcmp( justify, "LEFT" ) == 0 )
{
// set post spaces for left justification
postSpaces = blockSize - strLength;
}
// otherwise, check justification for "RIGHT"
// function: strcmp
else if( strcmp( justify, "RIGHT" ) == 0 )
{
// set pre spaces for right justification
preSpaces = blockSize - strLength;
}
// Otherwise, assume "CENTER" justification
else
{
// set pre spaces for centered
preSpaces = blockSize / 2 - strLength / 2;
// set post spaces for centered
postSpaces = blockSize - strLength - preSpaces;
}
// print pre spaces, check for success
// function: writeCharactersToFile
writeCharactersToFile( preSpaces, SPACE );
// print string
// function: fprintf
fprintf( filePtr, "%s", outStr );
// print post spaces
// function: printChars
writeCharactersToFile( postSpaces, SPACE );
// return successful operation
return true;
}
// return failed operation
return false;
}

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/*
Formatted file output utility, function prototypes
Copyright (c) 2021 by Michael E. Leverington
Code is free for use in whole or in part and may be modified for other
non-commercial use as long as the above copyright statement is included.
*/
/*
Rev 0.0: 30 June 2021, Initial creation of file
UTILITY USAGE INSTRUCTIONS:
1) This utility contains functions that may be used for file input operations
using the C programming language with text files.
The utility must be linked with the program code with which
it will be used.
2) Specifications for all the functions
are provided in a standardized format below.
3) Use this code at your own risk. There is no guarantee of any performance,
implied or otherwise, for any part of this code
END OF INSTRUCTIONS
*/
// PreProcessor directives
#ifndef FILE_OUTPUT_UTILITY_H
#define FILE_OUTPUT_UTILITY_H
// header files
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "StandardConstants.h"
// function prototypes
/*
Name: accessOutputFilePointer
process: allows setting or accessing file pointer;
note: pointer is maintained (static) value initialized to NULL
Function input/parameters: control code (int), file pointer (FILE *)
DUMMY_OUTPUT_FILE_PTR used
if not setting file pointer
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: file pointer (FILE *)
Device input/file: none
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: none
*/
FILE *accessOutputFilePointer( int ctrlCode, const FILE *filePtr );
/*
Name: closeOutputFile
Process: closes output file, returns true if successful, false otherwise
Function input/parameters: none
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: operation success (bool)
Device input/file: none
Device output/file: output file closed
Dependencies: accessOutputFilePointer, fclose
*/
bool closeOutputFile();
/*
Name: openOutputFile
Process: opens input file, returns true if successful, false otherwise
Function input/parameters: file name (c-string)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: operation success (bool)
Device input/file: none
Device output/file: output file opened
Dependencies: accessOutputFilePointer, fopen
*/
bool openOutputFile( const char *fileName );
/*
Name: writeCharacterToFile
Process: writes individual character to file,
returns true if successful, false otherwise
Function input/parameters: character to output (char)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: operation success (bool)
Device input/file: none
Device output/file: character written to file
Dependencies: accessOutputFilePointer, fprintf
*/
bool writeCharacterToFile( char outChar );
/*
Name: writeCharactersToFile
Process: writes multiple characters to file,
returns true if successful, false otherwise
Function input/parameters: number of characters to output (int),
character to output (char)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: operation success (bool)
Device input/file: none
Device output/file: multiple characters written to file
Dependencies: writeCharacterToFile
*/
bool writeCharactersToFile( int numChars, char outChar );
/*
Name: writeDoubleToFile
Process: writes individual formatted double value to file,
returns true if successful, false otherwise
Function input/parameters: double value to output (double),
number of digits to right of radix point
(precision) (int)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: operation success (bool)
Device input/file: none
Device output/file: double written to file
Dependencies: writeDoubleJustifiedToFile
*/
bool writeDoubleToFile( double outVal, int precision );
/*
Name: writeDoubleToFileJustified
Process: writes individual formatted double value to file justified,
returns true if successful, false otherwise
outVal - the double value to be output
precision - number of digits to the right of the radix point
blockSize - the width of the block within which
to print the integer value (int)
justify - "LEFT," "RIGHT," or "CENTER" justification
in block (c-string)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: operation success (bool)
Device input/file: none
Device output/file: double written to file as specified
Dependencies: sprintf, writeStringJustifiedToFile
*/
bool writeDoubleJustifiedToFile( double outVal, int precision,
int blockSize, const char *justified );
/*
Name: writeEndlineToFile
Process: writes newline ('\n') to file,
returns true if successful, false otherwise
Function input/parameters: none
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: operation success (bool)
Device input/file: none
Device output/file: newline written to file
Dependencies: accessOutputFilePointer, fprintf
*/
bool writeEndlineToFile();
/*
Name: writeEndlinesToFile
Process: writes multiple carriage return ('\r')
and newline ('\n') pairs to file,
returns true if successful, false otherwise
Function input/parameters: number of endline pairs to write (int)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: operation success (bool)
Device input/file: none
Device output/file: multiple newline characters written to file
Dependencies: writeString
*/
bool writeEndlinesToFile( int numEndlines );
/*
Name: writeIntegerToFile
Process: writes individual integer to file,
returns true if successful, false otherwise
Function input/parameters: integer to output (int)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: operation success (bool)
Device input/file: none
Device output/file: integer written to file
Dependencies: writeIntegerJustifiedToFile
*/
bool writeIntegerToFile( int outVal );
/*
Name: writeIntegerJustifiedToFile
Process: writes individual integer to file,
returns true if successful, false otherwise
Function input/parameters:
outVal - the integer value to be output
precision - number of digits to the right of the radix point
blockSize - the width of the block within which
to print the integer value (int)
justify - "LEFT," "RIGHT," or "CENTER" justification
in block (c-string)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: operation success (bool)
Device input/file: none
Device output/file: integer written to file as specified
Dependencies: sprintf, writeStringJustifiedToFile
*/
bool writeIntegerJustifiedToFile( int outVal, int blockSize,
const char *justified );
/*
Name: writeStringToFile
Process: writes String value to file,
returns true if successful, false otherwise
Function input/parameters: double value to output (double),
number of digits to right of radix point
(precision) (int)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: operation success (bool)
Device input/file: none
Device output/file: String written to file
Dependencies: writeStringJustifiedToFile
*/
bool writeStringToFile( const char *outString );
/*
Name: writeStringJustifiedToFile
Process: write string to file within specified block size
and with specified justification
Function input/parameters:
outVal - the string value to be output
blockSize - the width of the block within which
to print the integer value (int)
justify - "LEFT," "RIGHT," or "CENTER" justification
in block (c-string)
Function output/parameters: None
Function output/returned: success of output operation (bool)
Function input/keyboard: None
Device output/file: string written to file as specified
Dependencies: strlen, strcmp, writeCharactersToFile, fprint
*/
bool writeStringJustifiedToFile( const char *outStr,
int blockSize, const char *justify );
#endif // FILE_OUTPUT_UTILITY_H

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@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
Red Black Tree Test Program
===========================
Inserting Z and resolving
- Root color set to black
Inserting Y and resolving
B
R B
B B
--------
Z
Y -
- -
========
Inserting X and resolving
- Parent is red
- Uncle is black
- Left Left Case
- Rotate Right from left side of grandparent
- Swap grandparent/parent colors
B
R R
B B B B
--------
Y
X Z
- - - -
========
Inserting W and resolving
- Parent is red
- Uncle is red
- Grandparent set to red
- Uncle set to black
- Parent set to black
- Resolving Grandparent
- Root color set to black
B
B B
R B B B
B B
----------------
Y
X Z
W - - -
- -
================
B
B B
R B B B
B B
----------------
Y
X Z
W - - -
- -
================
Inserting V and resolving
- Parent is red
- Uncle is black
- Left Left Case
- Rotate Right from left side of grandparent
- Swap grandparent/parent colors
B
B B
R R B B
B B B B
----------------
Y
W Z
V X - -
- - - -
================
Inserting U and resolving
- Parent is red
- Uncle is red
- Grandparent set to red
- Uncle set to black
- Parent set to black
- Resolving Grandparent
B
R B
B B B B
R B B B
B B
--------------------------------
Y
W Z
V X - -
U - - -
- -
================================
B
R B
B B B B
R B B B
B B
--------------------------------
Y
W Z
V X - -
U - - -
- -
================================
Inserting T and resolving
- Parent is red
- Uncle is black
- Left Left Case
- Rotate Right from left side of grandparent
- Swap grandparent/parent colors
B
R B
B B B B
R R B B
B B B B
--------------------------------
Y
W Z
U X - -
T V - -
- - - -
================================
Inserting S and resolving
- Parent is red
- Uncle is red
- Grandparent set to red
- Uncle set to black
- Parent set to black
- Resolving Grandparent
- Parent is red
- Uncle is black
- Left Left Case
- Rotate Right from left side of grandparent
- Swap grandparent/parent colors
B
R R
B B B B
R B B B B B B B
B B
--------------------------------
W
U Y
T V X Z
S - - - - - - -
- -
================================
B
R R
B B B B
R B B B B B B B
B B
--------------------------------
W
U Y
T V X Z
S - - - - - - -
- -
================================
Inserting R and resolving
- Parent is red
- Uncle is black
- Left Left Case
- Rotate Right from left side of grandparent
- Swap grandparent/parent colors
B
R R
B B B B
R R B B B B B B
B B B B
--------------------------------
W
U Y
S V X Z
R T - - - - - -
- - - -
================================
Inserting Q and resolving
- Parent is red
- Uncle is red
- Grandparent set to red
- Uncle set to black
- Parent set to black
- Resolving Grandparent
- Parent is red
- Uncle is red
- Grandparent set to red
- Uncle set to black
- Parent set to black
- Resolving Grandparent
- Root color set to black
B
B B
R B B B
B B B B B B B B
R B B B
B B
----------------------------------------------------------------
W
U Y
S V X Z
R T - - - - - -
Q - - -
- -
================================================================
B
B B
R B B B
B B B B B B B B
R B B B
B B
----------------------------------------------------------------
W
U Y
S V X Z
R T - - - - - -
Q - - -
- -
================================================================
B
B B
R B B B
B B B B B B B B
R B B B
B B
----------------------------------------------------------------
W
U Y
S V X Z
R T - - - - - -
Q - - -
- -
================================================================
Inserting P and resolving
- Parent is red
- Uncle is black
- Left Left Case
- Rotate Right from left side of grandparent
- Swap grandparent/parent colors
B
B B
R B B B
B B B B B B B B
R R B B
B B B B
----------------------------------------------------------------
W
U Y
S V X Z
Q T - - - - - -
P R - -
- - - -
================================================================
Inorder : P/R; Q/B; R/R; S/R; T/B; U/B; V/B; W/B; X/B; Y/B; Z/B
Postorder: P/R; R/R; Q/B; T/B; S/R; V/B; U/B; X/B; Z/B; Y/B; W/B
Preorder : W/B; U/B; S/R; Q/B; P/R; R/R; T/B; V/B; Y/B; X/B; Z/B
Copying Tree
W
U Y
S V X Z
Q T - - - - - -
P R - -
- - - -
End Program

37
PA08-1101/Makefile Normal file
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CC = gcc -Wall
SOURCES = PA08_Main.c RedBlackTreeUtility.c Console_IO_Utility.c File_Input_Utility.c File_Output_Utility.c
OBJECTS = PA08_Main.o RedBlackTreeUtility.o Console_IO_Utility.o File_Input_Utility.o File_Output_Utility.o
# Uses the template structure defined in the TypicalUtils folder
all: PA08_Main
PA08_Main: $(OBJECTS)
$(CC) $(OBJECTS) -o PA08_Main
PA08_Main.o: PA08_Main.c
$(CC) -c PA08_Main.c -o PA08_Main.o
RedBlackTreeUtility.o: RedBlackTreeUtility.c
$(CC) -c RedBlackTreeUtility.c -o RedBlackTreeUtility.o
Console_IO_Utility.o: Console_IO_Utility.c
$(CC) -c Console_IO_Utility.c -o Console_IO_Utility.o
File_Input_Utility.o: File_Input_Utility.c
$(CC) -c File_Input_Utility.c -o File_Input_Utility.o
File_Output_Utility.o: File_Output_Utility.c
$(CC) -c File_Output_Utility.c -o File_Output_Utility.o
clean:
rm -f $(OBJECTS) PA08_Main PA08_Main.out
clean_objects:
rm -f $(OBJECTS)
run:
./PA08_Main
run_win:
PA08_Main

95
PA08-1101/PA08_Main.c Normal file
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// header files
#include "RedBlackTreeUtility.h"
// constant definitions
// none
// prototypes
// none
// main function
int main( int argc, char *argv[] )
{
RedBlackNodeType *treeRoot, *cpdTreeRoot;
//char stateString[ STD_STR_LEN ];
// set title
printf( "\nRed Black Tree Test Program\n" );
printf( "===========================\n" );
// initialize tree
treeRoot = initializeRBT();
cpdTreeRoot = initializeRBT();
// balanced cases
treeRoot = insert( treeRoot, 'M' );
treeRoot = insert( treeRoot, 'G' );
treeRoot = insert( treeRoot, 'R' );
treeRoot = insert( treeRoot, 'B' );
treeRoot = insert( treeRoot, 'J' );
treeRoot = insert( treeRoot, 'P' );
treeRoot = insert( treeRoot, 'U' );
treeRoot = insert( treeRoot, 'A' );
treeRoot = insert( treeRoot, 'C' );
treeRoot = insert( treeRoot, 'H' );
treeRoot = insert( treeRoot, 'L' );
treeRoot = insert( treeRoot, 'N' );
treeRoot = insert( treeRoot, 'Q' );
treeRoot = insert( treeRoot, 'S' );
treeRoot = insert( treeRoot, 'X' );
// Right right cases
/*
treeRoot = insert( treeRoot, 'G' );
treeRoot = insert( treeRoot, 'H' );
treeRoot = insert( treeRoot, 'I' );
treeRoot = insert( treeRoot, 'J' );
treeRoot = insert( treeRoot, 'K' );
treeRoot = insert( treeRoot, 'F' );
treeRoot = insert( treeRoot, 'E' );
treeRoot = insert( treeRoot, 'D' );
treeRoot = insert( treeRoot, 'C' );
treeRoot = insert( treeRoot, 'B' );
treeRoot = insert( treeRoot, 'A' );
*/
// Left left cases
/*
treeRoot = insert( treeRoot, 'Z' );
treeRoot = insert( treeRoot, 'Y' );
treeRoot = insert( treeRoot, 'X' );
treeRoot = insert( treeRoot, 'W' );
treeRoot = insert( treeRoot, 'V' );
treeRoot = insert( treeRoot, 'U' );
treeRoot = insert( treeRoot, 'T' );
treeRoot = insert( treeRoot, 'S' );
treeRoot = insert( treeRoot, 'R' );
treeRoot = insert( treeRoot, 'Q' );
treeRoot = insert( treeRoot, 'P' );
*/
displayTree( treeRoot, INORDER_TRAVERSE );
displayTree( treeRoot, POSTORDER_TRAVERSE );
displayTree( treeRoot, PREORDER_TRAVERSE );
// copy tree
printf( "\nCopying Tree\n" );
cpdTreeRoot = copyTree( treeRoot );
displayTreeStructure( cpdTreeRoot, NODE_DATA );
// end program
// clear RBT
// function: clearTree
treeRoot = clearTree( treeRoot );
cpdTreeRoot = clearTree( cpdTreeRoot );
// show program end
// function: printf
printf( "\nEnd Program\n" );
// return success
return 0;
}

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// Header file
#include "RedBlackTreeUtility.h"
// constants
const char SEMICOLON_BREAK[] = "; ";
const char THICK_DIVIDER = '=';
const char THIN_DIVIDER = '-';
// functions
// TODO: Set functions here
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// No student coding below this point
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/*
Name: displayAtTreeLevel
Process: displays one horizontal "level" of a tree using text graphics
with appropriate spacing and appropriate number of nodes
Function input/parameters: recursive working node (RedBlackNodeType *),
node height, display level, working level (int),
row start flag (bool),
control code for either data or color
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: updated row start flag (bool *)
Device input/file: none
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: displayValue, displayEmptyNodeSpaces
*/
void displayAtTreeLevel( RedBlackNodeType *workingNode, int nodeHeight,
int displayLevel, int workingLevel,
bool *rowStartFlag, ControlCodes ctrlCode )
{
char charOut = workingNode->data;
if( ctrlCode == NODE_COLOR )
{
charOut = (char)workingNode->color;
}
if( workingLevel == displayLevel )
{
displayValue( charOut, nodeHeight, workingLevel, rowStartFlag );
}
else
{
if( workingNode->leftChildPtr != NULL )
{
displayAtTreeLevel( workingNode->leftChildPtr, nodeHeight,
displayLevel, workingLevel + 1, rowStartFlag, ctrlCode );
}
else
{
displayEmptyNodeSpaces( nodeHeight, displayLevel,
workingLevel + 1, rowStartFlag, ctrlCode );
}
if( workingNode->rightChildPtr != NULL )
{
displayAtTreeLevel( workingNode->rightChildPtr, nodeHeight,
displayLevel, workingLevel + 1, rowStartFlag, ctrlCode );
}
else
{
displayEmptyNodeSpaces( nodeHeight, displayLevel,
workingLevel + 1, rowStartFlag, ctrlCode );
}
}
}
/*
Name: displayChars
Process: recursively displays a specified number of specified characters
Function input/parameters: number of characters (int),
character to be displayed (char)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: none
Device input/file: none
Device output/monitor: characters displayed as specified
Dependencies: printf
*/
void displayChars( int numChars, char outChar )
{
if( numChars > 0 )
{
printf( "%c", outChar );
displayChars( numChars - 1, outChar );
}
}
/*
Name: displayDivider
Process: displays divider of correct length for tree
using either THICK_DIVIDER or THIN_DIVIDER
depending on the control code,
adds one endline to thick divider, two to thin for spacing
Function input/parameters: number of characters (int),
character to be displayed (char)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: none
Device input/file: none
Device output/monitor: characters displayed as specified
Dependencies: printf
*/
void displayDivider( RedBlackNodeType *rootPtr, char dividerChar )
{
int treeHeight = findTreeHeight( rootPtr );
int numChars = toPower( 2, treeHeight + 2 );
displayChars( numChars, dividerChar );
if( dividerChar == THIN_DIVIDER )
{
printf( "\n" );
}
printf( "\n" );
}
/*
Name: displayEmptyNodeSpaces
Process: displays the appropriate number of dashes for a given level
for null nodes, can display either dashes or 'B's
Function input/parameters: node height, display level, working level (int)
pointer to row start flag (bool *),
control code for either data or color
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: updated row start flag (bool *)
Device input/file: none
Device output/monitor: characters displayed as specified
Dependencies: toPower, displayValue
*/
void displayEmptyNodeSpaces( int nodeHeight,
int displayLevel, int workingLevel,
bool *rowStartFlag, ControlCodes ctrlCode )
{
int nodesToDisplay = toPower( 2, displayLevel - workingLevel );
char charOut = SPACE;
if( displayLevel == workingLevel )
{
charOut = DASH;
if( ctrlCode == NODE_COLOR )
{
charOut = 'B';
}
}
while( nodesToDisplay > 0 )
{
displayValue( charOut, nodeHeight, displayLevel, rowStartFlag );
nodesToDisplay--;
}
}
/*
Name: displayTreeStructure
Process: repeatedly calls other function to display
the structure of an RB tree, can display either dashes or 'B's,
displays error message if empty tree
Function input/parameters: tree root pointer (RedBlackNodeType *),
control code for either data or color
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: none
Device input/file: none
Device output/monitor: characters displayed as specified
Dependencies: findTreeHeight, displayAtTreeLevel, printf
*/
void displayTreeStructure( RedBlackNodeType *rbTreeRoot, ControlCodes ctrlCode )
{
int displayLevel, nodeHeight = findTreeHeight( rbTreeRoot ) + 2;
int workingLevel = 1;
bool rowStartFlag;
if( rbTreeRoot != NULL )
{
for( displayLevel = 1; displayLevel <= nodeHeight; displayLevel++ )
{
rowStartFlag = true;
displayAtTreeLevel( rbTreeRoot, nodeHeight,
displayLevel, workingLevel, &rowStartFlag, ctrlCode );
printf( "\n" );
}
}
else
{
printf( "\nEmpty Tree - No Display" );
}
}
/*
Name: displayValue
Process: displays a tree character value or color letter (R/B)
after a calculated set of leading spaces
Function input/parameters: character data (char),
node height, working level (int),
pointer to row start flag (bool *)
Function output/parameters: updated row start flag (bool *)
Function output/returned: none
Device input/file: none
Device output/monitor: character displayed as specified
Dependencies: toPower, displayChars, printf
*/
void displayValue( char data, int nodeHeight,
int workingLevel, bool *rowStartFlag )
{
int leadingSpaces;
if( *rowStartFlag )
{
leadingSpaces = toPower( 2, nodeHeight - workingLevel );
*rowStartFlag = false;
}
else
{
leadingSpaces = toPower( 2, nodeHeight - workingLevel + 1 ) - 1;
}
displayChars( leadingSpaces, SPACE );
printf( "%c", data );
}
/*
Name: getMax
Process: finds the maximum between two values, returns
Function input/parameters: two values (int)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: maximum of two values (int)
Device input/file: none
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: none
*/
int getMax( int one, int other )
{
int max = one;
if( other > max )
{
max = other;
}
return max;
}
/*
Name: toPower
Process: recursively calculates a base to exponent value
for positive integer exponents
Function input/parameters: base, exponent (int)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: calculated value (int)
Device input/file: none
Device output/monitor: none
Dependencies: none
*/
int toPower( int base, int exponent )
{
if( exponent > 0 )
{
return toPower( base, exponent - 1 ) * base;
}
return 1;
}

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#ifndef RED_BLACK_TREE_UTILITY_H
#define RED_BLACK_TREE_UTILITY_H
// Header files
#include "StandardConstants.h"
#include <stdlib.h> // NULL
#include <stdio.h> // printf
// constants
// node colors
typedef enum { BLACK = 66, RED = 82 } Colors;
// allows user to choose color or data in tree display
typedef enum { PREORDER_TRAVERSE = 101, INORDER_TRAVERSE = 102,
POSTORDER_TRAVERSE = 103, NODE_COLOR = 191,
NODE_DATA = 192 } ControlCodes;
// data structures
typedef struct RedBlackNodeStruct
{
Colors color;
char data;
struct RedBlackNodeStruct *parentPtr, *leftChildPtr, *rightChildPtr;
} RedBlackNodeType;
// prototypes
/*
Name: clearTree
Process: recursively returns dynamically allocated data to the OS
using a post order traversal strategy
Function input/parameters: working pointer for recursion (RedBlackNodeType *)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: empty tree (NULL)
Device input/---: none
Device output/---: none
Dependencies: free
*/
RedBlackNodeType *clearTree( RedBlackNodeType *localPtr );
/*
Name: copyTree
Process: copies a Red Black tree from another Red Black tree
using a pre order traversal strategy,
appropriately links child parent pointers to current node
Function input/parameters: pointer to source node (RedBlackNodeType *)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: pointer to destination node (RedBlackNodeType *)
Device input/---: none
Device output/---: none
Dependencies: createNodeFromNode, copyTree (recursively)
*/
RedBlackNodeType *copyTree( RedBlackNodeType *srcPtr );
/*
Name: createNodeFromData
Process: creates a Red Black tree node from the node data given,
all links are set to NULL
Function input/parameters: data (char), color (int)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: pointer to created node (RedBlackNodeType *)
Device input/---: none
Device output/---: none
Dependencies: malloc
*/
RedBlackNodeType *createNodeFromData( char data, int nodeColor );
/*
Name: createNodeFromNode
Process: allocates memory for node,
copies an individual tree node from another node,
all links are set to NULL
Function input/parameters: pointer to source node (RedBlackNodeType *)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: pointer to destination node (RedBlackNodeType *)
Device input/---: none
Device output/---: none
Dependencies: one line of code - createNodeFromData
*/
RedBlackNodeType *createNodeFromNode( RedBlackNodeType *srcPtr );
/*
Name: displayInOrder
Process: traverses across tree, prints semicolon-delimited list,
displays "data / color" using in order strategy
Function input/parameters: pointer to current working node (RedBlackNodeType *),
pointer to row start flag
for first line of output (bool *)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: none
Device input/---: none
Device output/---: displayed as specified
Dependencies: printf, displayInOrder (recursively)
*/
void displayInOrder( RedBlackNodeType *wkgPtr, bool *rowStartFlag );
/*
Name: displayPostOrder
Process: traverses across tree, prints semicolon-delimited list,
displays "data / color" using post order strategy
Function input/parameters: pointer to current working node (RedBlackNodeType *),
pointer to row start flag
for first line of output (bool *)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: none
Device input/---: none
Device output/---: displayed as specified
Dependencies: printf, displayPostOrder (recursively)
*/
void displayPostOrder( RedBlackNodeType *wkgPtr, bool *rowStartFlag );
/*
Name: displayPreOrder
Process: traverses across tree, prints semicolon-delimited list,
displays "data / color" using pre order strategy
Function input/parameters: pointer to current working node (RedBlackNodeType *),
pointer to row start flag
for first line of output (bool *)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: none
Device input/---: none
Device output/---: displayed as specified
Dependencies: printf, displayPreOrder (recursively)
*/
void displayPreOrder( RedBlackNodeType *wkgPtr, bool *rowStartFlag );
/*
Name: displayTree
Process: controller function for calling appropriate tree traversal
Function input/parameters: pointer to current tree root (RedBlackNodeType *),
control codes INORDER_TRAVERSE, POSTORDER_TRAVERSE,
PREORDER_TRAVERSE
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: none
Device input/---: none
Device output/---: displayed as specified
Dependencies: displayInOrder, displayPostOrder, displayPreOrder, printf
*/
void displayTree( RedBlackNodeType *rootPtr, ControlCodes traverseCode );
/*
Name: findTreeHeight
Process: recursively finds height of tree
Function input/parameters: working pointer for recursion (RedBlackNodeType *)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: height of tree (int)
Device input/---: none
Device output/---: none
Dependencies: getMax
*/
int findTreeHeight( RedBlackNodeType *localPtr );
/*
Name: initializeRBT
Process: returns NULL to tree root pointer to prepare tree for use
Function input/parameters: none
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: NULL
Device input/---: none
Device output/---: none
Dependencies: none
*/
RedBlackNodeType *initializeRBT();
/*
Name: insert
Process: sets first node if tree is empty, otherwise calls helper
to set nodes, then calls RBT resolver to rebalance tree
if node is successfully inserted by helper,
prints inserting/resolving statement and root color set to black
Function input/parameters: tree root pointer (RedBlackNodeType *),
data to be inserted (char)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: pointer to updated tree root (RedBlackNodeType *)
Device input/---: none
Device output/---: none
Dependencies: printf, createNodeFromData, insertHelper, resolveRBT
*/
RedBlackNodeType *insert( RedBlackNodeType *treeRoot, char inData );
/*
Name: insertHelper
Process: recursively finds place to add node,
places node using "look down" strategy,
returns newly inserted node pointer,
if duplicated nodes/keys attempted, returns NULL
Function input/parameters: working pointer for recursion (RedBlackNodeType *),
data to be inserted (char)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: pointer to inserted node (RedBlackNodeType *)
Device input/---: none
Device output/---: none
Dependencies: createNodeFromData, insertHelper (recursively)
*/
RedBlackNodeType *insertHelper( RedBlackNodeType *wkgPtr, char inData );
/*
Name: isEmpty
Process: returns true if tree is empty, false otherwise
Function input/parameters: tree root pointer (RedBlackNodeType *)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: result of test (bool)
Device input/---: none
Device output/---: none
Dependencies: none
*/
bool isEmpty( RedBlackNodeType *localPtr );
/*
Name: resolveRBT
Process: recursively checks tree for need to rebalance,
conducts rebalance as needed
Function input/parameters: address of tree root pointer (RedBlackNodeType **),
working pointer for recursion
which starts at the location
of the inserted node (RedBlackNodeType *)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: none
Device input/---: none
Device output/---: none
Dependencies: printf, rotateLeft, rotateRight, swapColors,
displayTreeStructure, displayDivider
*/
void resolveRBT( RedBlackNodeType **treeRoot, RedBlackNodeType *wkgPtr );
/*
Name: rotateLeft
Process: "rotates" nodes to the left by resetting pointers
to related nodes
Function input/parameters: old and new top node pointers (RedBlackNodeType *)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: pointer to new top node (RedBlackNodeType *)
Device input/---: none
Device output/---: none
Dependencies: none
*/
RedBlackNodeType *rotateLeft( RedBlackNodeType *newTopPtr,
RedBlackNodeType *oldTopPtr );
/*
Name: rotateRight
Process: "rotates" nodes to the right by resetting pointers
to related nodes
Function input/parameters: old and new top node pointers (RedBlackNodeType *)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: pointer to new top node (RedBlackNodeType *)
Device input/---: none
Device output/---: none
Dependencies: none
*/
RedBlackNodeType *rotateRight( RedBlackNodeType *newTopPtr,
RedBlackNodeType *oldTopPtr );
/*
Name: swapColors
Process: swaps or exchanges colors between two nodes
Function input/parameters: pointers to two nodes (RedBlackNodeType *)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: updated pointers to two nodes (RedBlackNodeType *)
Device input/---: none
Device output/---: none
Dependencies: none
*/
void swapColors( RedBlackNodeType *one, RedBlackNodeType *other );
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// No student coding below this point
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/*
Name: displayAtTreeLevel
Process: displays one horizontal "level" of a tree using text graphics
with appropriate spacing and appropriate number of nodes
Function input/parameters: recursive working node (RedBlackNodeType *),
node height, display level, working level (int),
row start flag (bool),
control code for either data or color
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: updated row start flag (bool *)
Device input/---: none
Device output/---: none
Dependencies: displayValue, displayEmptyNodeSpaces
*/
void displayAtTreeLevel( RedBlackNodeType *workingNode, int nodeHeight,
int displayLevel, int workingLevel,
bool *rowStartFlag, ControlCodes ctrlCode );
/*
Name: displayChars
Process: recursively displays a specified number of specified characters
Function input/parameters: number of characters (int),
character to be displayed (char)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: none
Device input/---: none
Device output/---: characters displayed as specified
Dependencies: printf
*/
void displayChars( int numChars, char outChar );
/*
Name: displayDivider
Process: displays divider of correct length for tree
using either THICK_DIVIDER or THIN_DIVIDER
depending on the control code,
adds one endline to thick divider, two to thin for spacing
Function input/parameters: number of characters (int),
character to be displayed (char)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: none
Device input/---: none
Device output/---: characters displayed as specified
Dependencies: printf
*/
void displayDivider( RedBlackNodeType *rootPtr, char dividerChar );
/*
Name: displayEmptyNodeSpaces
Process: displays the appropriate number of dashes for a given level
for null nodes, can display either dashes or 'B's
Function input/parameters: node height, display level, working level (int)
pointer to row start flag (bool *),
control code for either data or color
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: updated row start flag (bool *)
Device input/---: none
Device output/---: characters displayed as specified
Dependencies: toPower, displayValue
*/
void displayEmptyNodeSpaces( int nodeHeight,
int displayLevel, int workingLevel,
bool *rowStartFlag, ControlCodes ctrlCode );
/*
Name: displayTreeStructure
Process: repeatedly calls other function to display
the structure of an RB tree, can display either dashes or 'B's,
displays error message if empty tree
Function input/parameters: tree root pointer (RedBlackNodeType *),
control code for either data or color
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: none
Device input/---: none
Device output/---: characters displayed as specified
Dependencies: findTreeHeight, displayAtTreeLevel, printf
*/
void displayTreeStructure( RedBlackNodeType *rbTreeRoot,
ControlCodes ctrlCode );
/*
Name: displayValue
Process: displays a tree character value or color letter (R/B)
after a calculated set of leading spaces
Function input/parameters: character data (char),
node height, working level (int),
pointer to row start flag (bool *)
Function output/parameters: updated row start flag (bool *)
Function output/returned: none
Device input/---: none
Device output/---: character displayed as specified
Dependencies: toPower, displayChars, printf
*/
void displayValue( char data, int nodeHeight,
int workingLevel, bool *rowStartFlag );
/*
Name: getMax
Process: finds the maximum between two values, returns
Function input/parameters: two values (int)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: maximum of two values (int)
Device input/---: none
Device output/---: none
Dependencies: none
*/
int getMax( int one, int other );
/*
Name: toPower
Process: recursively calculates a base to exponent value
for positive integer exponents
Function input/parameters: base, exponent (int)
Function output/parameters: none
Function output/returned: calculated value (int)
Device input/---: none
Device output/---: none
Dependencies: none
*/
int toPower( int base, int exponent );
#endif //// RED_BLACK_TREE_UTILITY_H

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Red Black Tree Test Program
===========================
Inserting G and resolving
- Root color set to black
Inserting H and resolving
B
B R
B B
--------
G
- H
- -
========
Inserting I and resolving
- Parent is red
- Uncle is black
- Right Right Case
- Rotate Left from right side of grandparent
- Swap grandparent/parent colors
B
R R
B B B B
--------
H
G I
- - - -
========
Inserting J and resolving
- Parent is red
- Uncle is red
- Grandparent set to red
- Uncle set to black
- Parent set to black
- Resolving Grandparent
- Root color set to black
B
B B
B B B R
B B
----------------
H
G I
- - - J
- -
================
B
B B
B B B R
B B
----------------
H
G I
- - - J
- -
================
Inserting K and resolving
- Parent is red
- Uncle is black
- Right Right Case
- Rotate Left from right side of grandparent
- Swap grandparent/parent colors
B
B B
B B R R
B B B B
----------------
H
G J
- - I K
- - - -
================
Inserting F and resolving
B
B B
R B R R
B B B B B B
----------------
H
G J
F - I K
- - - - - -
================
Inserting E and resolving
- Parent is red
- Uncle is black
- Left Left Case
- Rotate Right from left side of grandparent
- Swap grandparent/parent colors
B
B B
R R R R
B B B B B B B B
----------------
H
F J
E G I K
- - - - - - - -
================
Inserting D and resolving
- Parent is red
- Uncle is red
- Grandparent set to red
- Uncle set to black
- Parent set to black
- Resolving Grandparent
B
R B
B B R R
R B B B B B B B
B B
--------------------------------
H
F J
E G I K
D - - - - - - -
- -
================================
B
R B
B B R R
R B B B B B B B
B B
--------------------------------
H
F J
E G I K
D - - - - - - -
- -
================================
Inserting C and resolving
- Parent is red
- Uncle is black
- Left Left Case
- Rotate Right from left side of grandparent
- Swap grandparent/parent colors
B
R B
B B R R
R R B B B B B B
B B B B
--------------------------------
H
F J
D G I K
C E - - - - - -
- - - -
================================
Inserting B and resolving
- Parent is red
- Uncle is red
- Grandparent set to red
- Uncle set to black
- Parent set to black
- Resolving Grandparent
- Parent is red
- Uncle is black
- Left Left Case
- Rotate Right from left side of grandparent
- Swap grandparent/parent colors
B
R R
B B B B
R B B B B B R R
B B B B B B
--------------------------------
F
D H
C E G J
B - - - - - I K
- - - - - -
================================
B
R R
B B B B
R B B B B B R R
B B B B B B
--------------------------------
F
D H
C E G J
B - - - - - I K
- - - - - -
================================
Inserting A and resolving
- Parent is red
- Uncle is black
- Left Left Case
- Rotate Right from left side of grandparent
- Swap grandparent/parent colors
B
R R
B B B B
R R B B B B R R
B B B B B B B B
--------------------------------
F
D H
B E G J
A C - - - - I K
- - - - - - - -
================================
Inorder : A/R; B/B; C/R; D/R; E/B; F/B; G/B; H/R; I/R; J/B; K/R
Postorder: A/R; C/R; B/B; E/B; D/R; G/B; I/R; K/R; J/B; H/R; F/B
Preorder : F/B; D/R; B/B; A/R; C/R; E/B; H/R; G/B; J/B; I/R; K/R
Copying Tree
F
D H
B E G J
A C - - - - I K
- - - - - - - -
End Program

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@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
// Preprocessor directives
#ifndef STANDARD_CONSTANTS_H
#define STANDARD_CONSTANTS_H
// Include Boolean
#include <stdbool.h>
// global constants
// constant for end of c-string null character
#define CARRIAGE_RETURN_CHAR '\r'
//constant for a COLON
#define COLON ':'
//constant for a COMMA
#define COMMA ','
//Constant to print a dash
#define DASH '-'
// highest printable character
#define HIGHEST_PRINTABLE_CHAR '~'
// constant for huge string length
#define HUGE_STR_LEN 256
// lowest printable character
#define LOWEST_PRINTABLE_CHAR ' '
// constant for small string length
#define MIN_STR_LEN 32
// constant for maximum string length
#define MAX_STR_LEN 128
// constant for end of c-string null character
#define NEWLINE_CHAR '\n'
// first non-printable above ASCII
#define DELETE_KEY 127
// constant for end of c-string null character
#define NULL_CHAR '\0'
// columns found in grade sheet before grading columns
#define NUM_BASE_COLS 5
// constant for number of grading frequency bins
#define NUM_FREQUENCY_BINS 10
//Constant for printing a pipe
#define PIPE '|'
//Constant for a period
#define PERIOD '.'
//Constant for PRECISION, 2 digits
#define PRECISION_2 2
//Constant for PRECISION, 4 digits
#define PRECISION_4 4
// constant for space character
#define SPACE ' '
// constant for standard string length
#define STD_STR_LEN 64
// constant for smallest string length
#define TINY_STR_LEN 16
#endif // STANDARD_CONSTANTS